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Reciprocating Pump.

RECIPROCATING PUMP

Pumps:-
Pumps are defined as hydraulic machines which convert the mechanical energy into hydraulic energy which is mainly in the form of pressure energy. 

A pump is a machine for transmitting energy to fluids generally for the purpose of driving it from one place to another or to lift it from a low level to a higher level. 

The external force may be provided by the operators own efforts or by coupling the pump to a suitable engine or motor.

Reciprocating Pump.
If the mechanical energy is converted into hydraulic energy (for pressure energy) by sucking the liquid into a cylinder in which a piston is reciprocating (moving backwards  and forwards), the pump is known as Reciprocating Pump.
 The reciprocating pump is a positive displacement pumps as it sucks and rises the liquid by actually displacing it with a piston/plunger that executes a reciprocating motion in a closely fitting cylinder.
Main parts of a Reciprocating Pump:-
1)A cylinder with a piston,piston rod,connecting rod and a crank,
2)Suction pipe
3)Suction valve
4)Delivery pipe.
5)Delivery valve.
 It is a pump which consists of a piston which moves forwards and backwards in a close fitting cylinder. The movement of the piston is obtained by connecting the piston rod to crank by means of a connecting rod. The crank is rotated by means of an electric motor . Suction and delivery pipe with suction valve and delivery valve are connected to the cylinder. The suction and delivery valves are one way valves or non-return valve, which allow the water to flow in one direction only. Suction valve allows water from suction pipe to the cylinder which delivery valve allows water from cylinder to delivery pipe only . When crank starts rotating ,the piston moves and fro in the cylinder. When crank is at A.,the piston is at the extreme left position in the cylinder. As the crank is rotating form A to C, (ie., From 0 to 180), the piston is moving towards right in the cylinder. The movement of the plan towards right creates a partial vacuum in the cylinder. But on the surface of the liquid in the sump atmospheric pressure is acting,which is more than the pressure inside the cylinder. Thus the liquid is forced in the suction pipe from the sump. This liquid opens the suction valve and enters the cylinder
When crank is rotating from C to A (from 180 to 360), the piston from its extreme right position starts moving towards left in the cylinder. The movement of the piston towards left increases the pressure of the liquid inside the cylinder more than atmospheric pressure. Hence suction valve closes and delivery valve opens. The liquid is forced into the delivery pipe and is raised to a required height.

Some important points to remember accounting Reciprocating pumps are:-

• The mechanical energy is converted, into pressure energy by sucking the liquid into a cylinder in which a piston is reciprocating.
•The discharge is fluctuating and pulsating.
 •It handles small quantity of liquid only.
 •It is used only for lifting pure water or  less viscous liquids.
 •It is meant for small discharge and high levels.
 •Cost it is approximately four times the cost of centrifugal pump.
 •It runs at low speed.
 •The operation of it is complicated and with much noise.
 •The maintenance cost is high.
 •It requires large floor area and installation cost us high.
 •Efficiency is low
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