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ACID RAIN

                       ACID RAIN
CLICK HERE👉ACID RAIN (Animation)

Acid rain is a popular term referring to the deposition of a mixture from wet (rain, snow, sleet, fog, cloudwater, and dew) and dry (acidifying particles and gases) acidic components.
 Distilled water, once carbon dioxide is removed, has a neutral pH of 7. 
Liquids with a pH less than 7 are acidic, and those with a pH greater than 7 are alkaline.
Clean or unpolluted rain has an acidic pH, but usually no lower than 5.7.

Types of Acid Rain. 

Acid rain, or acid deposition, is a broad term that includes any form of precipitation that contains acidic components, such as sulfuric acid or nitric acid, according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).  

The precipitation is not necessarily wet or liquid; the definition includes dust, gasses, rain, snow, fog and hail. 
The type of acid rain that contains water is called wet deposition.
Acid rain formed with dust or gasses is called dry deposition. 

Working principle of Acid Rain:-
Fossil fuels are mixtures of various chemicals, including small amounts of sulphur. The sulphur in the fuel reacts with oxygen to form sulphur dioxide(SO2), which is an air pollutant. The main source of SO2 is the electric power plants that burn high-sulphur coal. Regulations should force the plants to install SO2 scrubbers, to switch to low-sulphur coal, or to gasify (convert a solid or liquid, especially coal into gas) the coal and recover the sulphur. Motor vehicles also contribute to SO2 emissions since gasoline and diesel fuel also contain small amounts of sulphur. This gas is not tackled by the three way catalyst installed on vehicles generally exported to the Middle East. 
The sulphur oxides and nitric oxides react with water vapour and other chemicals high in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight to form sulfuric and nitric acids. The acids formed usually dissolve in the suspended water droplets in clouds or fog. These acid laden droplets, which can be as acidic as lemon juice, are washed from the air on to the soil by rain or snow. This is known as acid rain. The soil is capable of neutralizing a certain amount of acid, but the amounts produced by the power plants using inexpensive high-sulphur oil have exceeded this capability. 

Acid rain effect example on aquatic life

Acid rain can also change the composition of soil and bodies of water, making them uninhabitable for local animals and plants.
 For example, healthy lakes have a pH of 6.5 or higher. As acid rain raises the level of acidity, fish tend to die off. 
Most fish species can't survive a water pH of below 5. 
When the pH becomes a 4, the lake is considered dead, according to National Atmospheric Deposition Program.

Acid rain forming and effects. 

When sulfur dioxide combines with water and air, it forms sulfuric acid, which is the main component of acid rain. 
Acid rain can cause:-
1)Deforestation
2)Effect on monuments
3)Corrode in mild steel structure             
4) Acidify waterways to the detriment of aquatic life.

Effects of Acid Rain on Buildings and Monuments

Acid rain corrodes all these materials to some degree and accelerates natural decomposition. Limestone and marble dissolve in acids. The sand particles forming sandstone often are held together by calcium carbonate, which dissolves in acid 

CaCo3 + H2SO4 --------> CaSO4 + H2o + CO2    (Calcium sulphate)

Effect on mild steel Structures

Acid rain can damage buildings and bridges with metallic parts that are exposed to rain and fog.
A study in the journal “Water, Air, and Soil Pollution” by the University of Hong Kong reported that artificial acid rain with a pH of 3.5 could corrode mild steel, galvanized steel, stainless steel 304 and red brass

Fe + H2SO4 --------> FeSO4 + H2

Solution:-
Regulating the emissions coming from vehicles and buildings is an important step, according to the EPA. 
This can be done by restricting the use of fossil fuels and focusing on more sustainable energy sources such as solar and wind power.
Each person can do their part by reducing their vehicle use.
Using public there are several solutions to stopping manmade acid rain.
Transportation, walking, riding a bike or carpooling is a good start, according to the EPA.
 People can also reduce their use of electricity, which is widely created with fossil fuels, or switch to a solar plan.





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